The UK has introduced a major change to its border system. From 25 February, visitors from dozens of countries who previously travelled visa-free must now apply for an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) before coming to the UK.
If you’re planning a trip for tourism, business, short-term study, or even transiting through the UK, here’s everything you need to know.
What Is an ETA?
An Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is a digital permission required before travelling to the UK. It is linked electronically to your passport.
Once approved, an ETA:
- Allows you to stay in the UK for up to six months
- Is valid for two years (or until your passport expires)
- Permits multiple entries
- Covers tourism, business visits, short-term study, and certain transit cases
However, it does not guarantee entry. You must still go through passport control, and border officials can refuse entry if necessary.
Who Needs an ETA?
From 25 February, citizens of 85 countries, including the United States and Australia, must apply for an ETA before travelling to the UK.
You do not need an ETA if you:
- Are a British or Irish citizen
- Already require a visa to enter the UK (you still need the visa, not an ETA)
- Have UK settled status
- Are a child travelling from France on a school trip
- Are transiting through a UK airport without passing border control
How Much Does It Cost?
The ETA currently costs £16, but the government has announced plans to increase the fee to £20.
For comparison:
- Canada charges 7 Canadian dollars for its ETA.
- The United States equivalent costs $40.27.
How to Apply for an ETA
To apply, you should:
- Download the official ETA app from Google Play or the Apple App Store.
- Provide your passport details.
- Upload a suitable photo.
- Answer security and background questions.
Important things to note:
- You must travel with the same passport used in your ETA application.
- Most applicants receive approval within minutes.
- It is recommended to apply at least three working days before travel.
If your application is rejected, you’ll be informed of the reason and may apply again. If it is formally refused, you cannot appeal — you must apply for a visa instead.
How Will It Be Enforced?
Airlines, rail operators, and shipping companies now use automated digital checks with the UK Home Office.
If you don’t have a valid ETA:
- You may be denied boarding before departure.
- You could be prevented from travelling altogether.
Although the ETA is digital, keeping a confirmation copy for your records is advisable.
The Challenge for Dual Nationals
One of the biggest concerns involves dual nationals — people who are both British citizens and citizens of another country.
Key issue:
Dual nationals cannot apply for an ETA.
To enter the UK, they must show either:
- A British passport, or
- A Certificate of Entitlement attached to their non-British passport
Without these documents, they risk being denied travel.
Many dual nationals never applied for a British passport after becoming citizens, especially if they’ve lived in the UK for decades. Now they are rushing to obtain one.
Costs involved:
- British passport: Approximately £100 (adult)
- Certificate of Entitlement: £589
Both documents can take several weeks to process.
Why Is the UK Introducing the ETA?
The UK government says the ETA system will:
- Streamline immigration processes
- Improve border security
- Digitise and modernise travel systems
Similar systems are already used in countries like Canada and the United States.
What This Means for Travellers
If you previously travelled to the UK visa-free, you must now:
- Apply for an ETA before travelling
- Ensure your passport is valid
- Allow enough processing time
For dual nationals, make sure you have the correct British documentation before leaving the UK — otherwise, returning could become complicated.
Final Thoughts
The UK’s new ETA system marks a significant shift toward digital border control. While it promises greater efficiency and security, it also requires travellers to plan ahead more carefully.
If you’re planning a trip to the UK soon, check your eligibility early and apply in good time to avoid travel disruptions.
Need guidance on UK travel documentation? It’s always wise to seek professional advice before making travel arrangements.
